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Introductory Biology Practice Quiz & Questions

Take a free practice quiz or point your phone at any Intro Biology exam question for an instant, explained answer — cells, genetics, and evolution made clear, without the guesswork.

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Intro Biology exams often ask you to trace a process step by step — where in the cell something happens, which stage of mitosis you're looking at, how a genetic cross plays out — and getting one step wrong throws off the whole answer. Cambo reads the exact question, including any diagram or Punnett square, and explains each step of the reasoning.

Test yourself with real practice questions.

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

  1. AThe nucleus
  2. BThe mitochondrion
  3. CThe ribosome
  4. DThe Golgi apparatus
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Answer
BThe mitochondrion
The mitochondrion — often called the 'powerhouse of the cell,' it's where the majority of a cell's ATP is generated through cellular respiration.

In a cross between two heterozygous pea plants (Tt x Tt) for a trait where tall (T) is dominant over short (t), what fraction of offspring is expected to be short?

  1. A1/4
  2. B1/2
  3. C3/4
  4. D0
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Answer
A1/4
1/4 — a Tt x Tt cross produces offspring in a 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt ratio, and only the tt genotype (1 out of 4) expresses the recessive short phenotype.

According to the theory of natural selection, which of the following best explains how a population's traits change over time?

  1. AIndividual organisms adapt their traits during their lifetime and pass those changes to offspring
  2. BRandom mutations always improve a species over successive generations
  3. CIndividuals with heritable traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more, passing those traits on more frequently
  4. DAll members of a species evolve identical traits at the same rate
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Answer
CIndividuals with heritable traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more, passing those traits on more frequently
Individuals with heritable traits that improve survival or reproduction in their environment tend to leave more offspring, gradually increasing the frequency of those traits in the population over generations.

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

  1. AProphase
  2. BMetaphase
  3. CAnaphase
  4. DTelophase
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Answer
CAnaphase
Anaphase — sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move toward opposite poles, ensuring each daughter cell receives a full set of chromosomes.

A population of finches on an island has a stable food supply, but a drought suddenly makes only large, hard seeds available. Finches with larger beaks survive and reproduce at higher rates. This is an example of:

  1. AGenetic drift
  2. BNatural selection
  3. CGene flow
  4. DArtificial selection
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Answer
BNatural selection
Natural selection — an environmental pressure (the drought limiting food to hard seeds) favors individuals with a heritable trait (larger beaks) that improves survival, shifting the population's traits over time.

In an ecosystem's energy pyramid, why does energy decrease at each successive trophic level?

  1. AEnergy is destroyed as it moves between organisms
  2. BMost energy at each level is lost as heat through metabolic processes, leaving less available to the next level
  3. CProducers absorb all available energy, leaving none for consumers
  4. DEnergy only flows from consumers back to producers
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Answer
BMost energy at each level is lost as heat through metabolic processes, leaving less available to the next level
Most of the energy consumed at each trophic level is used for metabolic processes and lost as heat, so only a fraction (typically around 10%) is available to be passed on to the next level.
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Same course, different course code depending on your school.

Questions, answered.

What topics does Introductory Biology usually cover?

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Cell structure and function, cellular respiration and photosynthesis, DNA and genetics, mitosis and meiosis, evolution and natural selection, and an overview of ecology and ecosystems.

Does Intro Biology usually include a lab component?

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Yes, most schools pair the lecture with a required lab section, often as a separate 1-credit-hour course that fulfills a lab-science gen-ed requirement alongside the lecture.

Is Intro Biology usually curved?

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It varies, but large-lecture intro bio sections commonly curve exams given how content-heavy the material is and how much scores can vary across a big class.

Is Cambo affiliated with McGraw Hill, Pearson, Cengage, or any university?

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No. Cambo is an independent study tool and isn't produced, endorsed, or affiliated with any textbook publisher or university.

Do I need a chemistry background for Intro Biology?

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Most intro-level biology courses don't require chemistry as a prerequisite, though basic chemistry concepts (atoms, molecules, pH) come up briefly when covering topics like cell membranes and metabolism.

How many credit hours is Introductory Biology usually worth?

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Typically 3-4 credit hours for the lecture, sometimes bundled with an additional 1 credit hour for the required lab.

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